Skip to main content

KnowledgeBase

Virtual FVA Gear Unit

The Virtual FVA Gear Unit was conceived as a fictional example to demonstrate the gear calculation capabilities of various FVA programs.

000_fva_transmission.png

Historical FVA report (1988) published in Antriebstechnik Nr. 7 (in German)

Modeling the drive stage

  1. Create a new model

    010_new_model.png (Project → New).

    020_add_component.png
    030_Insert_component.png
  2. Enter the gear data

    Specify the data for the gear and material as shown in the image below. New shafts will automatically be created for the bevel pinion and bevel gear.

    040_Enter_Comp_Data.png
  3. Change the orientation of the bevel gear stage

    Select the bevel gear stage in the Model Tree and go to the "main geometry" tab in the Editor. Enter the orientation of the tilt angle and the bevel cone tip as shown.

    041_rearragen_direction.png
  4. Import the Standard.KGD file

    The geometry data for the bevel gear will automatically be completed following the import. The Standard.KGD is an input interface for the calculation of bevel gears and includes all necessary information for the manufacturing simulation and generating the nominal geometry.

    Standard.KGD

    050_kgd.png

    Download the Standard.KGD file and select the corresponding entry for the machine settings in the drop-down menu. Now, specify the path to the Standard.KGD file.

  5. Rename the components

    It is helpful to assign unique names to the components in the Model Tree, especially for complex models. Right-click on the component in the Model Tree and choose rename (or use F2):

    Bevel gear stage [3] → Drive stage [3]

    Shaft [4] → Drive shaft [4]

    Shaft [6] → Intermediate shaft 1 [6]

    060_rename_input_stage.png
  6. Specify the contours of the drive shaft

    Select the drive shaft in the Model Tree and go to the "shaft contour" tab in the Editor. The inner and outer contours as well as the axial starting coordinate of the shaft can be specified here. Click add.png to add two shaft sections. Enter the length and diameters of the sections as shown below.

    070_Input_Shaft.png

    Notice

    The starting value of the shaft contour is determined from the geometry and cannot be specified.

  7. Specify the contours of the intermediate shaft

    Perform the same steps for the intermediate shaft.

    071_Intermediate_Shaft.png

Notice

Use the schematic view modellskizze.png and cutting plane in the 3D view 3d_export.png to check your entries while modeling the shaft.

080_ISO_Input.png
081_shaft_sketch.PNG

Modeling the intermediate stage

  1. Add a cylindrical gear

    Right-click on intermediate shaft 1 [6] in the Model Tree and add a new cylindrical stage component.

    090_add_component.png
    100_add_cilindrical_stage.png
  2. Specify the gear data

    Enter the gear data in the stage wizard as shown in the image below. The first cylindrical gear will now be added to intermediate shaft 1 [6]. The second cylindrical gear of the stage will be added to the model along with a new shaft.

    110_cilindrical_wizard.png
  3. Rename the components

    The intermediate stage, consisting of intermediate shaft 1, intermediate shaft 2, and two helical gears will be added. Rename the new components to:

    Cylindrical stage [20] → Intermediate stage [20]

    Shaft [21] → Intermediate shaft 2 [21]

    111_rename_intermediate_stage.png
  4. Model the contours of Intermediate Shaft 2

    Add 3 new shaft sections in the "outer contour from left" field of the shaft contour editor. Enter the length and diameter for each section and change the starting coordinate of the shaft as shown.

    120_Intermediate_Shaft_2.png

Modeling the output stage

  1. Add a cylindrical stage

    The output stage should be added to intermediate shaft 2, which already exists. To do this, right-click on intermediate shaft 2 in the Model Tree and add a new cylindrical stage component.

    140_add_output.png
  2. Specify the gear data

    Enter the gear data in the cylindrical stage wizard according to the image below. The first gear will be added to intermediate shaft 2. The second gear of the stage will be added to the model along with a new shaft.

    150_wizard_cilindrical_stage_2.png
    160_rename_output.png
  3. Change the angle of rotation about the negative u-axis

    Select the output stage in the Model Tree and change the angle of rotation about the negative u-axis to 180° under the main geometry tab in the editor.

    170_rotation_angle.png
  4. Specify the contours of the Output Shaft

    Add 3 new shaft sections in the "outer contour input from left" field of the shaft contour editor. Enter the length and diameter for each section and change the starting coordinate of the shaft as shown below.

    180_output_shaft.png

Adding the bearings

  1. Add bearings

    Add a rolling bearing on the drive shaft. To do so, right-click on the drive shaft and a rolling bearing component.

    200_add_component.png
    210_add_Lager.png
  2. Specify the bearing position

    Click on additional bearings to simultaneously add two rolling bearings on the shaft. Enter the positions of the inner rings as shown below. The position of the outer rings will be calculated automatically. Now, click catalog bearings to choose a bearing from the catalog.

    220_add_two_Bearings.png
    230_Bearing_Positions.png
  3. Bearing 1: select a catalog bearing

    In the bearing selection assistant, choose tapered roller bearings as the bearing type and INA/FAG as the manufacturer. Select INA 32013-X-XL. Click next to show the bearing details or finish to select the bearing.

    240_Bearing_Catalog.png
    250_First_Bearing.png
  4. Bearing 2: select a catalog bearing

    Select the catalog entry INA 32014-X-XL for the second bearing. Click "Finish"

    260_second_bearing.png
  5. Specify the bearing arrangement

    Choose an X arrangement for both bearings. Select the first bearing under the drive shaft in the Model Tree and set the "absorption of axial forces in the u-direction" in the Editor to positive. Set the second bearing accordingly to negative.

    270_Bearing_Model_tree.png
    280_axialrichtung_47.png
  6. Add additional bearings

    Add the other bearings on the shaft as with the INA 32013-X-XL tapered roller bearings.

    290_ISO_Lager.png
    Table 111. Overview of the bearings in the model

    Bearing name

    Position of the inner ring [mm]

    Direction

    Arrangement

    Drive shaft

    INA 32013-X-XL tapered roller bearing

    64

    Positive

    O

    INA 32014-X-XL tapered roller bearing

    160

    Negative

    Intermediate shaft 1

    FVA 32224 J2 tapered roller bearing

    80

    Positive

    O

    FVA 32224 J2 tapered roller bearing

    280

    Negative

    Intermediate shaft 2

    INA 32018-X-XL tapered roller bearing

    46

    Negative

    X

    INA 33118-XL tapered roller bearing

    502

    Positive

    Output shaft

    SKF NU 1026ML cylindrical roller bearing

    40

    -

    -

    SKF NU 2222 ECP cylindrical roller bearing

    291

    -



Loads

Loads are added to a shaft as a component. This can be done by right-clicking on the shaft or centrally in the power flow editor.

Select the gear unit in the Model Tree and change to the power flow tab in the Editor. Click makeforce.png to add load components on the shaft. Enter the power flow data according to the table.

300_Belastungen.png
Table 112. Loads in the model

Drive shaft

Output shaft

Type of torque introduction

Drive

Output

Torque

1100 Nm

will be calculated

Direction of rotation

left

will be calculated

Speed

3000 1/min

will be calculated



Notice

Load components must be present on at least two shafts (drive/output) for a correct power flow.

For a load component, at least the

  • Direction of rotation

  • Speed

  • Power or torque

must be specified.

The type of torque introduction must be specified for both loads.

Operating data

Finally, operating data must be specified for at least the lubricant and oil temperature in order to be able to start the system calculation. Select the lubricant "ISO-VG-320" from the Global Database. Enter a lubricant temperature of 80°C.

operating_data.png

The lubricant used and its temperature can be specified under "operating data" for the gear unit component in the Editor.

Calculation and results

  1. Start a system calculation

    Click run calculation to begin the system calculation. Additional calculations can be added in the Editor under the calculations tab.

    320_Calculation.png
  2. View the results report

    After the calculation, a new model snapshot is created in the Report Manager. This includes all entries and calculation results as of the time of the calculation. Double-click on the model snapshot to generate a report.

    330_Report.png
    340_Report.png